The cost of permanent carbon dioxide removal

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) appears set to play an increasingly important role in meeting national and corporate net-zero targets. To a credible this effort, CDR must be fungible with fossil CO2 emissions. However, it is clear that non-permanent pathways are of non-zero climate repair value (CRV). In contribution, we present general analytical framework quantifies the CRV pathway arbitrary permanence. A non-linear relationship between store durability observed. We then incorporate concept conventional levelized cost analysis, extended account for monitoring, reporting, verification (MRV) given store. demonstrate that, once impacts reversal ongoing MRV costs accounted for, permanent generally lower than removal.